ASTM grade 5 titanium is the most ubiquitous and versatile of titanium’s alloys. It is comprised of 90% titanium, 6% aluminium and 4% vanadium. It is an alpha beta titanium alloy with aluminium stabilising the alpha phase and vanadium stabilising the beta phase. Ti 6 Al 4V is widely used because of its optimum blend of properties. It can undergo further processing to become better suited to specific applications.
Properties of Grade 5 titanium alloy
Thermal Properties
Melting Point: 1604 – 1660 °C
Solidus: 1604 °C
Liquidus: 1660 °C
Beta Transus: 980 °C
Mechanical Properties
Tensile Strength, Ultimate: 1170 Mpa
Tensile Strength, Yield: 1100 Mpa
Elongation at Break: 10%
Modulus of Elasticity: 114 Gpa
Hardness
Brinell: 334
Rockwell: C 363
Vickers: 36
Heat Treatment
Ti 6Al 4V alloy is widely heat-treated to further improve its properties. It is typically mill annealed, solution treated or aged. Stress relieving is used on formed and welded parts whilst beta annealing is used to improve the alloy’s strength.
Corrosion Resistance
Ti 6Al 4V instantaneously produces a ceramic oxide layer on its surface, which protects it from carrion in all but the most severe of environments. Because of this, grade 5 Titanium is widely used in salt water applications, as well as humid environments. It is also moderately resistant to highly acid environments though titanium alloys containing palladium are better.
Hot Working
Ti 6Al 4V is usually hot worked in order to produce the desired microstructure through the process of recrystallisation. This keeps the alloys yield strength and hardness low and its ductility high. In grade 5 this is done at approximately 870°C to 980° C which stops the growth of excessive alpha phase.
Cold Working
Ti 6AL 4V is not easily cold worked due to its low elastic modulus meaning it has a tendency to resume its prior shape. Grade 5 can be cold drawn and extruded though this is typically confined to smaller industrial processing facilities on commercially pure grades of titanium.
Weldability of Ti-6Al-4v alloy
Ti 6Al-4V can be welded using Ti 6Al-4V as a filler metal. The metal has to be shielded with inert gases to prevent the pickup of oxygen in the weld area which can cause embrittlement and failure. Gas tungsten arc welding is the most commonly used welding process for Ti 6Al-4V alloy, though gas metal arc welding is used for welding thicker sections.
Ti 6Al-4V can be successfully welded using plasma arc welding, spot welding, electron beam, laser beam, resistance welding and diffusion welding.
Machinability of Ti6Al4V grade 5
Ti6Al4V parts have good machinability and can be machined as stock parts. The following factors contribute to efficient machining of Ti6Al4V parts: Low cutting speeds, high feed rate, generous quantities of cutting fluid, sharp tools and a rigid setup.
Applications
As mentioned previously, this alloy is the most popular of the titanium alloys. It is used for a range of applications in the aerospace, marine, power generation and offshore industries.
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